[{"id":474835255332,"handle":"essential-oils","title":"Essential Oils","updated_at":"2026-01-29T07:08:09-05:00","body_html":"\u003cp data-end=\"632\" data-start=\"242\"\u003eDiscover the pure essence of plants with our \u003cstrong data-end=\"316\" data-start=\"287\"\u003eEssential Oils Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e — a curated offering of \u003cstrong data-end=\"382\" data-start=\"341\"\u003e100% pure, single-note essential oils\u003c\/strong\u003e crafted to bring nature’s intelligence into your everyday rituals. From grounding woods and sacred resins to bright citrus peels and floral botanicals, each oil is thoughtfully selected for its aromatic beauty, energetic presence, and versatile use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"966\" data-start=\"634\"\u003eOur essential oils are ideal for \u003cstrong data-end=\"683\" data-start=\"667\"\u003earomatherapy\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"698\" data-start=\"685\"\u003ediffusers\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"726\" data-start=\"700\"\u003enatural home fragrance\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong data-end=\"765\" data-start=\"732\"\u003eintentional self-care rituals\u003c\/strong\u003e. Whether you’re building your apothecary, creating a calming atmosphere, or exploring plant-based wellness traditions, these oils invite you to slow down, breathe deeper, and reconnect with the Earth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1256\" data-start=\"968\"\u003eExplore timeless botanicals like \u003cstrong data-end=\"1027\" data-start=\"1001\"\u003elavender essential oil\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"1057\" data-start=\"1029\"\u003epeppermint essential oil\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"1087\" data-start=\"1059\"\u003eeucalyptus essential oil\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"1115\" data-start=\"1089\"\u003etea tree essential oil\u003c\/strong\u003e, and more — each one a simple, powerful way to bring plant magic into your space. Every bottle holds a story of origin, ritual, and renewal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1332\" data-start=\"1258\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1289\" data-start=\"1258\"\u003ePure. Botanical. Elemental.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"1292\" data-start=\"1289\"\u003eWelcome to your essential oil sanctuary.\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2026-01-20T16:11:42-05:00","sort_order":"best-selling","template_suffix":"","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Essential Oils A-C"},{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Essential Oils D-K"},{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Essential Oils L-O"},{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Essential Oils P-Z"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":158974246948,"handle":"essential-oils-d-k","title":"Essential Oils D - K","updated_at":"2026-01-29T07:08:09-05:00","body_html":"","published_at":"2020-02-06T22:58:02-05:00","sort_order":"alpha-asc","template_suffix":"","disjunctive":false,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Essential Oils D - K"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":274100518948,"handle":"antibacterial","title":"Immune Boost","updated_at":"2026-01-29T07:08:09-05:00","body_html":"\u003cp data-start=\"84\" data-end=\"388\"\u003eA strong immune system is the foundation of year-round wellness. Our \u003cstrong data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"182\"\u003eImmune Support Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e is thoughtfully curated to help you maintain your body’s natural defenses and promote vibrant health through every season—whether you’re preparing for seasonal shifts or simply supporting daily well-being.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"772\"\u003eRooted in holistic wellness, this collection features \u003cstrong data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"486\"\u003epure, ethically sourced essential oils\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"522\"\u003etherapeutic wellness blends\u003c\/strong\u003e designed to complement your healthy routine. Essential oils contain naturally occurring botanical compounds that have been used for centuries to support wellness, promote relaxation, and uplift mood—key factors that contribute to overall resilience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"826\"\u003eHow essential oils may support immune wellness\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"1172\"\u003eWhen used in aromatherapy, essential oils can help create a cleaner, more supportive environment and encourage daily habits that promote balance. Certain essential oils are especially valued for their cleansing and invigorating aromas, while others help support stress relief and restorative rest—both important for maintaining overall wellness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1472\"\u003eIn this collection, you’ll find immune-focused favorites like \u003cstrong data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1248\"\u003eTea Tree\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1264\"\u003eOregano\u003c\/strong\u003e, widely used for their naturally cleansing properties. You’ll also find \u003cstrong data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1349\"\u003eLavender\u003c\/strong\u003e, beloved for promoting calm and relaxation—helping you manage stress, which plays a meaningful role in overall well-being.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1726\"\u003eFor easy, ready-made support, explore our blends like \u003cstrong data-start=\"1528\" data-end=\"1546\"\u003eAnti-Bac\/Viral\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1564\"\u003eBreathe Easy\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-start=\"1566\" data-end=\"1580\"\u003eCold \u0026amp; Flu\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong data-start=\"1586\" data-end=\"1601\"\u003eGerm Buster\u003c\/strong\u003e. Each blend combines complementary oils for a more complete approach to seasonal wellness and everyday immune-minded living.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1767\"\u003eEasy ways to use these oils daily\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1989\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1853\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1853\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1781\"\u003eDiffuse\u003c\/strong\u003e at home or in your workspace to create a fresh, supportive atmosphere\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"1918\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1856\" data-end=\"1918\"\u003eApply \u003cstrong data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"1875\"\u003etopically\u003c\/strong\u003e with a carrier oil (always dilute first)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"1989\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1989\"\u003eAdd a few drops to a \u003cstrong data-start=\"1942\" data-end=\"1950\"\u003ebath\u003c\/strong\u003e for a calming, wellness-focused soak\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2106\"\u003eIf you’re ready to support your health naturally—season after season—this collection is a beautiful place to start.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2242\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2242\"\u003eExplore the Immune Support Collection below and discover essential oils and blends designed to help you feel your best, every day.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2023-10-10T06:54:09-04:00","sort_order":"manual","template_suffix":"","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Antibacterial"},{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Immune Boost"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":274386878500,"handle":"immune-boost","title":"Immune Boost","updated_at":"2026-01-29T07:08:09-05:00","body_html":"\u003cp data-start=\"84\" data-end=\"388\"\u003eA strong immune system is the foundation of year-round wellness. Our \u003cstrong data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"182\"\u003eImmune Support Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e is thoughtfully curated to help you maintain your body’s natural defenses and promote vibrant health through every season—whether you’re preparing for seasonal shifts or simply supporting daily well-being.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"772\"\u003eRooted in holistic wellness, this collection features \u003cstrong data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"486\"\u003epure, ethically sourced essential oils\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"522\"\u003etherapeutic wellness blends\u003c\/strong\u003e designed to complement your healthy routine. Essential oils contain naturally occurring botanical compounds that have been used for centuries to support wellness, promote relaxation, and uplift mood—key factors that contribute to overall resilience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"826\"\u003eHow essential oils may support immune wellness\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"1172\"\u003eWhen used in aromatherapy, essential oils can help create a cleaner, more supportive environment and encourage daily habits that promote balance. Certain essential oils are especially valued for their cleansing and invigorating aromas, while others help support stress relief and restorative rest—both important for maintaining overall wellness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1472\"\u003eIn this collection, you’ll find immune-focused favorites like \u003cstrong data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1248\"\u003eTea Tree\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1264\"\u003eOregano\u003c\/strong\u003e, widely used for their naturally cleansing properties. You’ll also find \u003cstrong data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1349\"\u003eLavender\u003c\/strong\u003e, beloved for promoting calm and relaxation—helping you manage stress, which plays a meaningful role in overall well-being.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1726\"\u003eFor easy, ready-made support, explore our blends like \u003cstrong data-start=\"1528\" data-end=\"1546\"\u003eAnti-Bac\/Viral\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1564\"\u003eBreathe Easy\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-start=\"1566\" data-end=\"1580\"\u003eCold \u0026amp; Flu\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong data-start=\"1586\" data-end=\"1601\"\u003eGerm Buster\u003c\/strong\u003e. Each blend combines complementary oils for a more complete approach to seasonal wellness and everyday immune-minded living.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1767\"\u003eEasy ways to use these oils daily\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1989\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1853\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1853\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1781\"\u003eDiffuse\u003c\/strong\u003e at home or in your workspace to create a fresh, supportive atmosphere\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"1918\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1856\" data-end=\"1918\"\u003eApply \u003cstrong data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"1875\"\u003etopically\u003c\/strong\u003e with a carrier oil (always dilute first)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"1989\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1989\"\u003eAdd a few drops to a \u003cstrong data-start=\"1942\" data-end=\"1950\"\u003ebath\u003c\/strong\u003e for a calming, wellness-focused soak\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2106\"\u003eIf you’re ready to support your health naturally—season after season—this collection is a beautiful place to start.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2242\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2242\"\u003eExplore the Immune Support Collection below and discover essential oils and blends designed to help you feel your best, every day.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2023-10-27T04:24:42-04:00","sort_order":"alpha-asc","template_suffix":"","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Immune Boost"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":158974640164,"handle":"organic","title":"Organic","updated_at":"2026-01-29T07:08:09-05:00","body_html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eWelcome to Dreaming Earth, your trusted source for premium 100% organic essential oils and carrier oils designed to enhance your aromatherapy and massage experience.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDiscover the Benefits:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eOur organic essential oils and carrier oils are a natural path to wellness and relaxation. Here's what makes them special:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePure Organic Goodness: Our essential oils are derived from plants grown without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers. This means you're getting oils in their purest form, free from harmful residues.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEnhanced Aromatherapy: Organic essential oils provide the most authentic scents, ensuring that you experience the full range of therapeutic benefits. These oils can help reduce stress, improve sleep, and uplift your mood naturally.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSkin-friendly Carrier Oils: Our organic carrier oils are carefully chosen to complement your massage experience. They are minimally processed and free from additives, making them perfect for sensitive skin. These oils are excellent for diluting essential oils and ensuring a smooth, luxurious massage.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEnvironmentally Friendly: Choosing organic oils promotes sustainable agriculture and helps protect the environment. You're not only benefiting yourself but also contributing to a healthier planet.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAt Dreaming Earth, we are committed to offering you the highest quality, ethically sourced, and environmentally conscious organic essential oils and carrier oils. Elevate your aromatherapy and massage rituals with the purity and goodness of our products. Experience the difference of 100% organic oils – the natural choice for a better, healthier you.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2020-02-06T22:58:02-05:00","sort_order":"manual","template_suffix":"","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Organic"},{"column":"title","relation":"contains","condition":"Organic"}],"published_scope":"web"},{"id":274100584484,"handle":"skin-care","title":"Skin Care","updated_at":"2026-01-29T07:08:09-05:00","body_html":"\u003cp data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"481\"\u003eIn a world filled with artificial ingredients and harsh additives, returning to nature can feel like a breath of fresh air—especially when it comes to skincare. Our \u003cstrong data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"292\"\u003eNatural Skincare Oils Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e features \u003cstrong data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"353\"\u003epure essential oils and nourishing carrier oils\u003c\/strong\u003e chosen to help you hydrate, soothe, and rejuvenate your skin while elevating your daily ritual with beautiful botanical aromas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"807\"\u003eThese oils are your foundation for building a cleaner, more intentional skincare routine—whether you’re crafting DIY blends at home or simply looking for high-quality oils you can trust. From calming support for stressed skin to glow-boosting nourishment, this collection makes it easy to care for your complexion naturally.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"854\"\u003eHow essential oils can enhance skincare\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"1153\"\u003eEssential oils are concentrated plant extracts known for their naturally occurring botanical compounds. When properly diluted, they can complement skincare routines by supporting the look and feel of healthy skin—helping address concerns like blemishes, irritation, uneven tone, and signs of aging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1404\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1283\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1283\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1169\"\u003eLavender\u003c\/strong\u003e is beloved for its calming, soothing qualities and is commonly used in routines for sensitive or stressed skin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1284\" data-end=\"1404\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1404\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1302\"\u003eFrankincense\u003c\/strong\u003e is prized in facial care for supporting the appearance of smoother-looking skin and a more even tone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1435\"\u003eWhy carrier oils matter\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1436\" data-end=\"1669\"\u003eCarrier oils do more than “carry” essential oils—they provide their own skin-loving benefits and help essential oils absorb effectively when applied topically. Each carrier oil offers a different profile of hydration and nourishment:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1929\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1788\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1673\" data-end=\"1788\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1673\" data-end=\"1687\"\u003eJojoba Oil\u003c\/strong\u003e closely resembles the skin’s natural sebum, making it a versatile moisturizer for many skin types.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"1929\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1791\" data-end=\"1929\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1791\" data-end=\"1806\"\u003eRosehip Oil\u003c\/strong\u003e is rich in essential fatty acids and antioxidants, making it a favorite for supporting the look of radiant, youthful skin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1931\" data-end=\"1972\"\u003eCreate your own clean beauty ritual\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2232\"\u003eUse these oils to personalize your routine—whether you’re blending a nourishing face serum, a soothing body oil, or a rejuvenating facial mask. With high-quality ingredients at your fingertips, DIY skincare becomes less intimidating and a lot more empowering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2234\" data-end=\"2449\"\u003eNeed guidance? You’ll find tips and recipes on our \u003cstrong data-start=\"2285\" data-end=\"2323\"\u003ewebsite, blog, and social channels\u003c\/strong\u003e, and you’re always welcome to reach out with questions—we’re here to support your DIY skincare journey every step of the way.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2451\" data-end=\"2584\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2451\" data-end=\"2584\"\u003eExplore the Natural Skincare Oils Collection below and start building your own simple, effective, nature-powered skincare ritual.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2023-10-10T06:55:12-04:00","sort_order":"manual","template_suffix":"","disjunctive":true,"rules":[{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Skin Care"},{"column":"tag","relation":"equals","condition":"Beauty"}],"published_scope":"web"}]
Pure Helichrysum Essential Oil is an exceptional oil, valued for its pain-relieving properties, as well as its usefulness in supporting the appearance of bruising, inflammation, and scars.
Botanical Name:Helichrysum italicum Origin: France Family: Asteraceae Aroma: Straw-like, fruity, penetrating, distinctive Perfume Note: Middle Method of Extraction: Steam Distilled Source: Flowers Main Chemical Constituents: neryl acetate, γ-curcumene, italicene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene Blends Well With: Bergamot, Black Pepper, German Chamomile, Clary Sage, Geranium, Lavender, Lemon, Pine, Rose Otto, and Ylang Ylang essential oils
Description and Uses:
This is pure, undiluted Helichrysum italicum essential oil, also known as Italian Everlasting or Immortelle. Helichrysum is considered one of the most valuable oils in aromatherapy, and it’s one we personally like to keep on hand for life’s little (and not-so-little) mishaps—especially when the body needs extra support after injury, strain, or impact.
Helichrysum is traditionally known for its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory qualities and is especially useful in blends designed for:
Pain and discomfort support
Muscle aches, tightness, and spasms
Inflammation and overworked areas
Supporting the skin’s natural recovery process after minor stress
A wonderful addition to any first aid kit, Helichrysum is often used immediately after bumps or minor injuries to help support the appearance of bruising and swelling. It is also commonly included in topical blends for ongoing discomfort such as arthritis-style aches, tendonitis, back and neck tension, and carpal tunnel discomfort (always properly diluted unless otherwise directed by a qualified practitioner).
Beyond its physical applications, Helichrysum is also appreciated as an emotionally grounding and balancing essential oil—freshening the mind and body and helping you feel steadier when stress feels intense.
Because Helichrysum is a high-cost oil, we also offer a 5% dilution for those who want a more economical way to experience it.
Traditional Uses: first-aid style blends, bruising/impact support, muscle and joint comfort blends, skincare for scars and inflammation-prone areas, emotional grounding.
Ways to Use Pure Helichrysum Essential Oil:
Post-Activity or Tension Massage Blend (Dilute Properly)
Blend into a carrier oil and massage into sore, tight, or overworked areas.
Skin-Supportive Blends
Add (properly diluted) to facial oils or balms intended to support the look of scars and calm the appearance of redness or irritation.
Grounding Diffusion
Diffuse 1–3 drops with Lavender or Frankincense for a steady, centering atmosphere.
Recipes Using Helichrysum Essential Oil:
Healing Oil Blend
A luxurious face and neck oil blend for a radiant, healthy-looking glow.
6 drops Helichrysum essential oil
6 drops Carrot Seed essential oil
8 drops Lavender essential oil
1 Tbsp Rosehip Seed oil
1 Tbsp Tamanu oil
Directions: Blend well. Apply to face and neck twice daily using light, upward strokes.
Cautions:
For external use only. Always dilute properly before applying to skin, unless under guidance of a qualified practitioner. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Keep out of reach of children.
While Helichrysum is sometimes used “neat” for very specific applications, we recommend dilution for most uses and extra caution on sensitive skin. Do not apply to broken skin. Perform a patch test prior to topical use. If pregnant, nursing, or under a doctor’s care, consult your healthcare professional before use.
